Management
Introduction:
“Management
is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that it is done in
the best and cheapest way”.
Management
entails the co-ordination of human effort and material resource toward the
organization to achieve its objectives.
The
objective of the any enterprise is accomplished through the use of resources.
Management
involves an organized effort to achieve the objectives. Management is the brain
of the enterprises. Management helps in predicting what is going to happen in
future that will influence the working of an enterprise.
Definitions of management:
According to Dalton E. Mc Farland:
“Management
is the fundamental integrating and operating mechanism underlying organized
efforts”.
According to Dr. William
R.spriegel,
“Management
is an executive function which is primarily concerned with carrying out the
board policies laid down by the administration. It is that function of an
enterprise which concerns itself with the direction and control of various
activities to attain the business objectives”.
According To James A.E. Stone,
“Management
is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the efforts of
organization members and using all other organizational resources to achieve
stated organizational goals.”
However, a precise definition of
management is not so simple because the term management is used in a variety of
ways, being a new discipline; it has drawn concepts and principles from a
number of disciplines such as statistics, economics, sociology, anthropology
and so on. The result is that each group contribution has treaded management
differently.
For
example-
·
Sociologists have treated it as a class
or group of person.
·
Economists have treaded management as a
factor of production.
Naturally, these entire divergent groups view
the nature and scope of management from own point of view.
History of Management:
The
word manage comes from the Italian word Maneggiare - means to handle (Handle the problem
with the help of some tools); which is turn derives from the Latin Manus-means
Hand.
The
French word mesnagement
influenced the development, become management in the last of 17th
century and the beginning of 18th century.
The
concept of organization and administration is old as human civilization but
systematic study of management which started close to 19th century;
the contributions in the field of management came from variety of sources.
In
the Egypt- 1300, B.C. Confucius’s Parable gave suggestion for proper public administration
to industry to select capable, honest and unselfish human power.
Kautilya
has included principle of state administration in 320B.C. Roman Catholic
Church. He introduced the concept of staff personal in church administration.
In
the beginning of 20th century, Frederick Winslow Taylor, M.E., D.
Sc., join industry as a Mechanical Engineer and introduce the Concept of
Scientific Management in USA.
Scientific
Management was concerned to improving the operational efficiency at the
shop-floor level.
IN Taylor words- “the Scientific
Management is concerned with knowing exactly what you want men to do and then
see in that they do it in the best and cheapest way”.
Taylor has emphasis on solving managerial problem
in a scientific way, and produces the principle of scientific management.
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Notes- this post shared here are base on my study
in case you find anything wrong and missing points than please bring it to my
notice.
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